概要:What did he want to say about it?Who is there to be criticized?研究上面所举的所有例句,我们可以发现,英语句子中的非连续成分主要由两个原因造成的,一个是插入语导致产生非连续成分,另一个是为了使句子结构平衡,防止句子产生头重脚轻而产生了非连续成分。含非连续成分的英语句子的运用,有时与修辞因素有关,即运用非连续成分是为了提高英语句子的修辞表达效果。含非连续成分的英语句子主要有以下几种修辞作用。1、保持句子结构平稳由于用文字传递信息的需要,构成句子的各种成分可能会较复杂地交织在一起,这就不可避免地会导致句子结构不平衡的问题,违背句子末端加重(end weight)的原则。例如:News that the rebels threatened to blow up the city came.这个句子语法上应该是对的,但修辞效果无从谈起,句子的主语很长,谓语部分只有一个词,太短,句子头重脚轻,失去平衡。现在我们来看下列几例:When a subject w
英语句子中的四种非连续成分,标签:英语写作基础,如何提高英语写作,http://www.laixuea.comWhat did he want to say about it?
Who is there to be criticized?
研究上面所举的所有例句,我们可以发现,英语句子中的非连续成分主要由两个原因造成的,一个是插入语导致产生非连续成分,另一个是为了使句子结构平衡,防止句子产生头重脚轻而产生了非连续成分。
含非连续成分的英语句子的运用,有时与修辞因素有关,即运用非连续成分是为了提高英语句子的修辞表达效果。含非连续成分的英语句子主要有以下几种修辞作用。
1、保持句子结构平稳
由于用文字传递信息的需要,构成句子的各种成分可能会较复杂地交织在一起,这就不可避免地会导致句子结构不平衡的问题,违背句子末端加重(end weight)的原则。例如:
News that the rebels threatened to blow up the city came.
这个句子语法上应该是对的,但修辞效果无从谈起,句子的主语很长,谓语部分只有一个词,太短,句子头重脚轻,失去平衡。现在我们来看下列几例:
When a subject was accused of a crime important enough to interest the king, public notice was given that on an appointed day the fate of the accused person would be decided in the king's arena.
--F. Stockton: The Lady or the Tiger
We watched on TV the two astronauts walking on the moon.
I know of a place on that mountain where we can find this kind of plant.
这几个都是含非连续成分的句子,由于非连续成分的运用,按正常语序的句子所产生的弊端随之消失。句子结构平稳自然,语义严密,修辞效果显而易见。
2、避免句子意思混淆
使用非连续成分有时可以避免句子意思混淆,请看下列例句:
※As I approached the stream I saw a tall man hastening toward me beyond it.
※Once married, the church considers that a couple has signed up for a lifetime contrast.
这两个句子的意思混淆,不合逻辑,原因是beyond it和once married这两个成分在句子中的位置不当。现在我们把它们改成如下形式:
As I approached the stream, I saw a tall man beyond it hastening toward me.
The church considers that a couple, once married, has signed for a lifetime contrast.
这两个都是含非连续成分的句子,第一个句子中宾语和宾语补足语被分隔,第二个句子中分句的主语和谓语被分隔,但两个句子都意思清楚,完全合乎逻辑,非连续成分在某些情况下的优点,在此也可见一斑了。
3、使行文精炼,结构紧凑,言简意赅。
使用非连续成分有时并非为了句子结构平稳,也不是为了避免句子意思混淆,而是为了使行文精炼,句子结构紧凑,语言表达言简意赅。这类非连续成分多数是插入型非连续成分,即插入成分把本来应该相连的两个成分分隔。例如:
I shall propose several sorts of formulations and propose that such sub-collection structures of terms are a resource in the sensitivity to topic of the selection of place formulations.
--E. A. Schlegloff: Notes on a Conversational Practice
从语法上讲in the sensitivity to topic完全可以省略,但句子所含的信息量会随之减少,而这一信息在交际中却是十分必要的。运用非连续成分我们不但不觉得句子罗嗦,而且还觉得行文精确,结构紧凑,言简意赅。再如:
With the establishment during the last century and the flourishing during the present of a modern tradition in American literature, the authority of English opinion and usage has diminished.
--A. Baugh et al: A History of the English Language